Discussion of the early pioneers of moving pictures Essay -- Movies Fi

Topic : Discuss in detail how American filmmakers Edwin Porter and D.W Griffith built on early films by the Lumiere brothers and George Melies. Use examples from the oeuvre of each filmmaker to substantiate your argument. This essay will outline an introduction to the premature years of motion pictures and developments that helped shape cinema as we know it today. This paper will explore the roles of the early pioneers and the extent to which their contributions shaped cinema. In particular, it will look at how E.S Porter and D.W Griffith improved on the early years of cinema as result of influences from Louis and Auguste Lumiere and George Melies. The 18th century has marked the commencement of the innovation of cinematography. The invention of cinema owes its existence to a few investors and scientists who are broadly known for laying down its foundation. Among those pioneers are the Lumiere brothers who were some of the earliest contributors to cinema, inventing the first real film camera called the "cinematographe", which effectively functioned as a camera, projector and printer all in one (Barnauw, 1993:6). Thus giving rise to the art of film making. Initially, in the early years of cinema since there was no developed structure [or language] to tell cinematic stories, the early Lumiere brother?s films such as Workers leaving the Lumiere factory (1895) and The Arrival of a Train at the Station (1895), were composed of a single shot, no camera movement and only one continuous action from beginning to end (Obalil, 2007). Also since the camera was fixed and captured only what were before its lens without any manipulation these films ... ...ieved by the 08/02/2008. http://www.earlycinema.com/timeline/index.html: retrieved by the 08/02/2008. Knight, A. The Liveliest Art, Mentor Books, New American Library, (1957). p.25. Larson, E.H. George Melies, (2006). [Online] Available at http://www.nwlink.com/~erick/silentera/Melies/melies.html Lenin, M. Griffith classic: the making of birth of a nation, (2004). [Online] Available at http://www.leninimports.com/dw_griffith.html Louis LumiÃÆ'Â ¨re, The Cinematograph, La Nature, 12 October 1895. In Auguste and Louis LumiÃÆ'Â ¨re. (Jacques Rittaud-Hutinet, ed.) Letters. London: Faber and Faber, 1995. p.302. Obalil, L.J. Edwin S. Porter, (2007). [Online] Available at http://www.filmreference.com/Directors-Pe-Ri/Porter-Edwin-S.html Smith, D. Cinematic Reflections, (2005). [Online] Available at http://www.cinematicreflections.com/BirthofaNation.html

Future Farmers of America Association Essay

Can you believe that the National FFA Organization (Future Farmers of America) has over 400,000 members and growing in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and The Virgin Islands? The FFA is a National Organization devoted to teaching and introducing students to agricultural education. It has introduced a large impact on students, changed their views on agriculture, and given them the chances to carry them out. The history of FFA is quite a long one, starting back in 1925, when four agricultural education teachers organized the Future Farmers of Virginia, which would serve as a model for FFA, as well as the New Farmers of America. Then, in 1930, at the third National Convention, national competitions were restricted to only male competitors. The official creed, written by E. M. Tiffany, and official colors, national blue and corn gold, were adopted this year as well. In 1933, Ohio FFA members wore blue corduroy jackets with the FFA emblem printed on the back, and those were later immersed into the official uniform. Soon after, the NFA and the FFV merged together with the FFA. Later on, in 1988, the organizations name was changed from Future Farmers of America to FFA Organization and membership was extended to middle school students. Lastly, in 2006, the National Convention was at its maximum attendance, with a jaw-dropping amount of about fifty thousand attendants! The history if FFA will continue to become more memorable as long as new members join. The FFA training sequence consists of several areas, pertaining specifically to the SAE program, career opportunities, and chapter meetings. The Supervised Agricultural Experience, or SAE, Program is used to carry out a knowledgeable agriculture project. The project workers are often helped by their chapter advisor, depending on what area of study the project is from, choosing from ag production, food science, forestry, ag sales/ service, and horticulture. In some chapters, members are permitted to visit the chapter’s greenhouses/farms to expand and further pursue Ag education. They can choose to extend their knowledge in fields like farm economics, marketing, computer science, and biotechnology. Through chapter meetings, members will learn and develop public speaking skills and working for others. There are several activities to compete in and degrees to earn and receive in FFA. Members compete at local, state, and national levels in the fields of public speaking, Ag mechanics, dairy-cattle, livestock, poultry, dairy food, meat, and rabbit evaluations, floriculture, ornamental horticulture, parliamentary procedures, and nursery/ landscaping skills. The FFA also gives out four degrees to its members. The Discovery Degree is given to seventh and eight grade students. The Greenhand Degree is given to high school freshmen with knowledge, goals, and skills of FFA. After completing two semesters of Ag course work, you receive the Chapter Degree, with which you are entitled to wear a silver pin. The last degree, the State Degree, is obtained for outstanding achievements and for development of leadership skills. The receiver, however, must have also worked at least a minimum of 300 unpaid hours, and they receive with this honor a golden emblem pin. The FFA is definetly one of the younger organizations in the U. S. But, throughout the last ten years, it has delivered a tremendous impact to students, teachers, and the nation along with it’s future.

Foundations of Nursing Practice Essay

A reflection on how the module content and associated practice experience has contributed to the student’s development as a nurse. This essay is a discussion on how the module content and practice experience has contributed to personal development as a nurse. Therefore it will focus on firstly the concept of individualised care and its relevance to nursing assessment and care delivery, secondly the ethical and professional issues that impact nursing such as confidentiality, consent and dignity. The essay will also focus on exploring the various communication models and the development of the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the service user, and finally the organisation and delivery of care within the practice environment. With particular reference to a recent placement, at a palliative care nursing home, this essay will discuss Harriet, an 88 year old lady with chronic bronchitis and suffers with multiple sclerosis. For confidentiality purposes the names of service users have been changed to comply with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, Code of Conduct (NMC 2008). This assignment will firstly discuss the individualised approach to nursing, which developed in the USA during the 1950’s and 1960’s, which coincided with the development of the nursing theory and models of nursing which began to challenge the medical model of health care (Lloyd, Hancock, Campbell 2007). The nursing process can be carried out successfully by implementing a popular model used extensively in the UK originally by Roper et al Activities of Living model in which it is based loosely upon the 12 activities of daily living; however Henderson acknowledges 14 activities that people engage in (Kozier, Erb 2008). This model identifies any deficit in their care usually upon admission; it is reviewed as the care plans of the service user evolve; after which an intervention may be given to the service user. The nursing home that was attended for placement had person centred care plans in which they based them on the 12 activities of daily living from sleeping, eating and drinking to mobility and communication; these were short term care plans that were reviewed monthly. Another model that is frequently used described by Ellson (2008, pg22) is the Nursing Process, when it was initially identified; Yura and Walsh (1978) showed that it is a four stage cycle that begins with assessment. Harriet was assessed by the Doctor as the registered nurse in charge (RGN) noticed a change in her health; she had developed a wheeze when talking and had a chesty cough, the RGN suspected a chest infection. A care plan was then devised to follow up the assessment. Harriet was to be started on a course of antibiotics for a week, and was to be resumed on her nebuliser. The care was then implemented the following day during the morning drugs round. An evaluation of that care completes the cycle; in which Harriet was to be seen by the Doctor the following week after completing her course of antibiotics and was to remain on her nebuliser. Additionally, more than one stage can be occurring at the same time, for instance assessment may coincide with implementation (Carpenito-Moyet 2007). If goals are achieved after the first cycle, care maybe terminated or in some cases modified and the service user reassessed. (Ellson 2008, pg22) This process is designed to enhance systematic care, drive communication amongst team members and encourage continuity (Mason 1999 cited in Habermann, Uys 2006).The RGN wrote in Harriet’s daily report and updated her care plans, identifying her change in medication and change in her health. Throughout nursing there are many ethical and professional issues that impact on it from confidentiality, consent to respect and dignity, to clear and accurate records and working as part of a team. The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct (NMC 2008) clearly states that nurses should ensure they gain consent (NMC 2008) from the service user this can be anything from examining, providing care and giving treatment. Consequently a nurse has to be prepared if a service user declines their help as they have a right to refuse treatment based on knowledge of the outcomes and risks (Wilkins and Williams 2008). Informed consent is a communication process between the provider and the service user; this is now recognised as a professional standard of conduct (Westrick and Dempski 2009). However if there is a case where the service user does not have the mental capacity to give consent, they are protected by the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in which during the decision making process their rights and interests are accounted for (Griffith and Tengnah 2010). My first task at placement was to try and feed Harriet, I introduced myself alongside a health care assistant and asked if I was able to feed her lunch, I was refused, on the grounds that I was a fresh face and that she did not know me so I let the health care assistant feed her. The following day after assisting the RGN with Harriet’s medication, she kindly said to me that she would let me feed her today if I was able to; so at lunch time I went along with another health care assistant to feed her. Another important ethical issue is maintaining a person’s dignity as Watson (1994) citing (Watson 2008) states that maintaining human dignity is a vital nursing duty and function, that needs to be recognised and respected in which people make to their own care and well being (NMC Code 2008). This can be associated with many aspects of care such as bed bathing, stoma care, peg tube care as Westrick and Dempski (2009) go on to say that it is down to the service user to say what is to be done with his or her body. Fenton and Mitchell (2002) cited in Franklin, Ternestedt and Nordenfelt (2006) argue that elderly people receiving care regarding dignity is a state of physical, emotional comfort, subsequently when this is not always adhered to it can leave the service user feeling embarrassment, shame, humiliation, foolishness and degradation (Mairis 1994 cited in Watson 2008). However nurses themselves can become emotional if the standard of care given is not sufficient this is supported by the Royal College of Nursing survey (2008) asking nurses for their views on dignity in care in which over 80% said they sometimes or always left work distressed due to not being able to deliver the quality of care they thought they should give (Gallagher, Tschudin 2010). When asked to give a bed bath to Harriet, I made sure that only the area being cleaned was exposed thus covering up other private areas in case anybody was to enter her room. When Harriet was seen by the Doctor regarding her chest infection I treated the information sensitively and maintained confidentiality with all her health records. The presence of the therapeutic relationship lies at the heart of patient centred nursing. However the nature of this one to one relationship is very dependent on the context in which nursing care is delivered (McCormack 2004 citing O’Connell 2008). Therefore the building blocks for this relationship should focus on genuineness, empathy and respect, which should leave the service user feeling supported as well as listened to, whilst the nurse feels value in their role (Dossey, Keegan, American Holistic Nurses Association 2008) Whereas Bynum-Grant and Travis–Dinkins (2010) go on to say that whilst the therapeutic relationship is at the core of nursing it is the knowledge and skill along with the caring attitudes and behaviours applied that build the foundations of this relationship. I spent a lot of time with Harriet getting to know her, and building a relationship of trust with her, in order for me to attend her personal care needs, give her medication orally under dire ct supervision. This assignment will now discuss the effective communication skills throughout nursing that helps practitioners to engage with the service user, by making sure arrangements are met for people’s language and communication needs (NMC Code 2008) Studies have shown that the relevant communication means given to an individual can improve well-being (Bell 1996, Happ 2001 cited in Batty 2009). Means of communication that have proved successful are non verbal techniques such as writing, drawing or by gesture, therefore communication aids have been made available such as providing a pen and paper, or alphabet charts (Batty 2009). Effective communication is seen as a fundamental competence required for registration as a nurse (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2004 cited in Timmins 2009) Timmins and Astin (2009) also goes onto explain that continuity of care supports high quality communication as it builds up the relationship between nurse and service user and is a main feature of patient centred care. Crouch and Meurier (2005) cited in Cox and Hill (2010) defines communication as a two way process in which information is transmitted and received. However listening to service users and their families is central to the communication process (Timmins and Astin 2009) Harriet could communicate easily, her hearing was slightly impaired therefore you had to speak loudly and clearly; she was on eye drops as her sight was deteriorating and she was very well spoken and if I was to say something incorrectly she would be very quick to correct me. Harriet however was slightly confused and sometimes repeated things she had said a few moments ago, she also had imaginary friends she would refer to whilst talking to me. This essay will now explore the delivery of care in nursing which is very important as this can impact the service users’ experience. There are three ways in which care can be delivered; this is by primary care, task allocation and team nursing. Primary nursing began in the 1970’s as a way to overcome dissatisfaction with functional and team nursing’s emphasis on tasks that directed nurses’ attention away from holistic care of the client (Huber 2006). Walsh and Crumbie (2007) explain that primary care nursing involves one nurse being liable 24 hours a day for all care delivered to a patient. However Thomas (2006) identifies this is not always necessary as care can be delegated to other nurses or health care assistants †¦ yet the primary nurse carries responsibility for writing care plans and ensuring that long term goals are met. Skelton (2001) cited in Timmins and Astin (2009) suggest that this approach fosters autonomy and gets them involved with their care rather than health professionals dictating their care to them. Within the nursing home the primary nursing approach to care was not suitable as there were too many service users for one nurse to focus all their attention to at one time. Many health care settings would deny using task orientated care however in reality it still goes on and tends to induce apathy and reduce team morale. Task allocation on the other hand may be the most suitable way of allocating the workload (Thomas 2006) especially during staff shortages or certain health care settings. Despite the nursing home having person centred care plans and making individualising the care needs, the nursing home still took on the task allocated approach as all the residents had breakfast by 8am and were washed and dressed by 9am. However as Harriet was unable to feed and dress herself due to having multiple sclerosis she was often left until last to have these needs addressed as two health care assistant’s were required. Team nursing was developed in the early 1950’s it was designed so that staff strengths can be used to the maximum and aids group productivity and growth of team members. By using this system nurses should still be able to provide individualised nursing care (Lloyd, Hancock and Campbell 2007) therefore nurses take on certain roles such as temperature, medication or a nurse for the right side of the ward (Kalisch and Kalisch 1978; Reverby 1987 cited in Huber 2006). Communication is therefore key for this model to be effective as the team leader continuously evaluates and communicates changes of the patient to the team members (Zerwekh, Claborn 2006). It also allows the nurse to delegate patients to the strengths of the staff with what their care focuses on (Tiedeman and Lookinland 2004 cited in Zerwekh, Claborn 2006). Unfortunately the care given can become fragmented and thus ineffective and productivity decreased among team members if there are staff shortages. Harriet’s care followed this approach, as she was bed bound the arjo hoist was the only way of transferring her from bed to chair; this required two people, as did log rolling Harriet for her bed bath so she was cleaned effectively and appropriately. I feel the module content has contributed to my development as a nurse as it taught all the relevant information needed for my first placement. I was able to see how the theory coincided with the practice which also contributed to my development as a nurse. For example I was able to see how the individualised care approach was introduced into the person centred care plans used within the nursing home. I was also able to see how the therapeutic relationship was built amongst the nurses in charge, the health care assistants and other members of the multidisciplinary team, they each had their own style of approaching the service user in regards to their attitudes, body language and behaviour, this I was able to pick up and use myself which made me handle situations better. The module content went into great depth and was given in a variety of learning styles which suited my learning pattern having come straight from school; I feel the type of learning given has strengthened my ability to learn and the relevant theory made me feel more confident when attending placement. Having learnt the theory I was able to put some of this knowledgeable experience into practice, as having had no previous experience within health and social care I felt uneasy at first but as more faith and confidence was put into me via my mentor and other staff members, this helped me feel more involved and more comfortable with working within this environment giving me the confidence boost I needed. Throughout the placement I was guided throughout every task that I had to carry out, I was taught it first by mentor and then throughout the weeks I had to improve on what I had learnt, the registered nurses I shadowed were very supportive and approachable which helped me greatly. In conclusion this essay has discussed the concept of individualised care by incorporating the nursing process and models that evaluate the service user’s health and identifies the care needed and any deficits in their care. Nurses uphold a reputation in which the ethical and professional issues are the foundations of this. As explored throughout this essay it shows that confidentiality, consent and dignity are fundamental throughout nursing and need to be incorporated into the care provided by the nurses. Various models of communication have been identified throughout this essay its relevance shows how the nurse must interact with service user, this is very important as the service user needs to be able to express their concerns of their health either verbally or non verbally. The therapeutic relationship is at the epicentre of nursing as this can impact a service users experience within a health and social care setting. The essay has also explored the organisation and delivery of care needed to be most effective throughout nursing. Overall the essay has focused on various fundamental aspects of nursing that contribute to the way care is delivered to service users. Reference List * Batty S. (2009) ‘Communication, Swallowing and Feeding in the Intensive Care Unit Patient. Nursing in Critical Care. 14(2,July/August). pp.175-177. * Bynum – Grant D and Travis Dinkins M,M. (2010) Schaum’s Outline of Psychiatric Nursing. [Online]. Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ru57ujcVO6sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=schaum’s+outline+of+psychiatric+nursing&hl=en&ei=XcZmTeb7HZSyhAfUkJy4DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=1&ved=0CEUQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=therapeutic%20relationship%20is%20at%20the%20core%20of%20nursing%20&f=false. (Accessed:25 January 2011). * Carpenito-Moyet L. (2007) Understanding the Nursing Process; Concept Mapping and Care Planning for Students. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. * Cox C. and Hill M. (2010). Professional Issues in Primary Care Nursing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. * Dossey B,M., Keegan L. and American Holistic Nurses Association. (2008). Holistic Nursing; A Handbook for Practice. 5th edn. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Limited. * Ellson R (2008) ‘Assessment of Patients’, in Richardson R. (ed.) Clinical Skills for Student Nurses. Devon: Reflect Press. pp. 22-25. * Franklin LL., Ternestedt B,M. and Nordenfelt L. (2006). ‘Views on Dignity of Elderly Nursing Home Residents.’ Nursing Ethics; An International Journal for Health Care Professionals. 13(2). pp131-134. * Gallagher A, Tschudin V (2010) ‘Educating for Ethical Leadership’ Nurse Education Today, International Journal for Health Care Education. 30(3,April). pp.224-226. * Griffith R. and Tengnah C. (2010) Law and Professional Issues in Nursing. 2nd edn. Exeter: Learning Matters Limited. * Habermann M. and Uys L,R. (2006) The Nursing Process; A Global Concept. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone * Huber D. (2006). Leadership and Nursing Care Management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:Saunders Elsevier. * Kozier B., Erb G., Berman A., Snyder S., Lake R. and Harvey S. (2008). Fundamentals of Nursing; Concepts, Process and Practice. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited. * Lloyd H., Hancock H. and Campbell S. (2007). Principles of Care. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. * Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code of Conduct. * O’Connell E. (2008) ‘Therapeutic Relationships in Critical Care Nursing; A reflection on Practice.’ Nursing in Critical Care. 13(3). pp,138-143. * Thomas J. (2006). Survival Guide for Ward Managers, Sisters and Charge Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 91-93. [Online]. Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pG-AzNFign4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=primary%20nurse%20carries%20responsibility%20for%20writing%20care%20plans%20&f=false. (Accessed: 1 February 2011). * Timmins F. and Astin F. (2009) ‘Patient Centred Care Reality or Rhetoric’ Nursing in Critical Care. 14(5,September/October). pp.219-221. * Walsh M. (ed). and Crumbie A. (ed). (2007). Watson’s Clinical Nursing and Related Science. 7th edn. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. * Watson J. (2008) Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Revised edn. Colorado: University Press of Colorado. * Westrick S, J. and Dempski K. (2009). Essentials of Nursing Law and Ethics. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International. * Williams L. and Wilkins. (2008). Nursing Know How; Charting Patient Care. pp.67-90. [Online] Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4e1hGOu7AusC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Nursing+Know+How%3B+Charting+Patient+Care.&hl=en&ei=DcVmTbP6EYKKhQed5amuDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=1&ved=0CEQQ6wEwAA#v=snippet&q=right%20to%20refuse%20treatment%20based%20on%20knowledge%20of%20the%20outcomes%20and%20the%20risks%20&f=false. (Accessed: 25 January 2011). * Zerwekh J,G. and Claborn J,C. (2006) Nursing Today Transition and Trends. 5th ed. pp.342-346. [Online] Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Il41NcOI3c0C&printsec=frontcover&d q=nursing+today+transition+and+trends&hl=en&ei=rMRmTfLPCdCwhAeAnrSTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=team%20leader%20continuously%20evaluates%20and%20communicates%20changes%20of%20the%20patient%20&f=false. (Accessed: 1 February 2011). Bibliography * Funnel R, Koutoukidis G, Lawerence K. (2008). Tabbners Nursing Care: Theory and Practice. [Online]. Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iyGLjn0Md0sC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (Accessed: 17 December 2010). * Davis C. (2009). ‘Team Health and Safety.’ Nursing Standard. 24(2,September). pp.24-25. * Donnelly M. (2002). Consent: Bridging the Gap between the Doctor and Patient. Ireland: Cork University Press. * Mayberry M and Mayberry J. (2003). Consent in Clinical Practice. Oxon: Radcliffe Medical Press Limited. * Pembrey S,M. (1980). The Ward Sister – Key to Nursing. London: Royal College of Nursing. * Pilcher T. (ed). ‘Collaboration and Teamwork in Critical Care.’ (2009). Nursing in Critical Care. 14(2). pp.45-46. * Radwin L,E and Alster K. (2002). ‘Individualised Nursing Care: An Empirically Generated Definition.’ International Council for Nurses: International Review 49. pp.54-63.

8 Stages of Man

Cameron Roney Lifespan Development Eight Stages of Man Interview General question on childhood: I interviewed a seventy year old woman named Virginia that I met while doing my community service. I asked her to think about her first ten years of life and to describe times that she can remember being cared for. She said that it was her grandmother that did most of the caretaking for her, especially when she was sick. She recalled one time when she had a really bad sinus infection that her grandmother helped her through.When I asked her if she could think of any time she was not very well cared for, the only time she could think of is when her father would come home bombed, which sparked some intense arguments in the family. She recalled feeling very lost during these times. Fun times in her childhood consisted of time with her family since she did not have any friends as a child. Specifically, she remembered having a lot of fun planting pumpkin seeds with her family. Trust vs. Mistrust : I asked her to describe her relationship with her parents. She said they were very close, and she went hunting with her father often.She got a lot of adult attention. She considered herself to be pretty self reliant and optimistic despite her loneliness. She feels that her seclusion from children her age was a big factor in developing her independence and self reliance. She was trustful of her parents and family, and trustful in herself to deal with most problems that arose in her life at that time. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt: Virginia reported to be fairly active, and she is. She runs a local community donation center and does a great deal of work for her church. She describes herself as self reliant.When looking back, she does not feel that she relied on others very much. She considered herself to be adventurous, but not careless. She was not overly fearful, but she wasn’t overly risky either. All in all, she is a very active woman for being seventy years old. Initiative vs . Guilt: When I asked her about her efforts to stay active, she spoke about her work involving the construction of a new church, her being the chairman of the building committee, and her work at the community donation center. She does a lot to help care for her mother and helps her children when she can.She says that all of this is a handful, but she enjoys the activity. She says that when she was younger she did consider herself to be a creative person and could think outside the box. She is an extremely able bodied woman for her age. Industry vs. Inferiority: I asked her to describe her career and her accomplishments. She recalls her thirty five years as a physical therapist. She considered it her responsibility and calling in life. She talked about one boy in particular that she worked with who lived out of town.She worked with him for three years because no one else could reach him. When I asked her about times when she felt that she had been competent and productive and develop ed her skills. She recalls doing a lot of odd jobs which taught her a lot of new skills. She found creative ways to solve problems unique to the different fields she worked in. When I asked her to describe some times that she felt incompetent or ineffective she talked about times when she would overburden herself with too many jobs or trying to handle an extremely large workload herself.She considers herself competent and capable, and really has accomplished a lot in her time. General Question on Identity: I asked her to think about her encounters with her peers when she was between 10 and 19 years of age. She said that she was not so accepted by those around her. She was overweight as a kid. She moved to a new high school which was in a city. This was tough on her because she had grown up in a very secluded setting and she lagged socially. She considered this a huge cultural shift for her. She felt very lost and really had a hard time finding herselfIdentity vs. Identity Diffusion: When I asked her about her experiences as a teenager trying to find herself and who she was and what she wanted out of life, she said that she had always wanted to help people. She wanted to be an architect for the longest time, but she was discouraged when her sister got very sick and saw the therapy she went through. She said that is when she decided to become a therapist. She says that she has a very strong sense of who she is and what her purpose is now. She also says that she is fairly headstrong and not easily influenced by others.To sum up, she has a strong sense of identity. General Intimacy Question: I asked Virginia to think back to her twenties and thirties and the experiences with imported others in her life at that time. She said she had a lot of support and encouragement from those close to her. She was not dependant, but it definitely helped her through some rough times in her life. Intimacy vs. Isolation: I asked her to describe her marriage, and this is where the b ulk of the interview took place. She said that her marriage was rough at first.Her husband was an ex-marine who killed 14 men during his time in the military. He was introverted and very little communication took place between them. It took him thirty years to open up to her. She says that the last years of their marriage have been the most rewarding. Her only sibling died when she was eighteen, but when she was alive they were very close. She was teased a lot, although there was not much fighting between them. They relied on each other for fun which brought them very close together. I asked her who she felt the most comfortable confiding in.She said that she only really felt comfortable confiding in her grandmother and father, but they have both passed away. I asked her if there was anyone close to her that she felt she couldn’t really open up to. Aside from her husband until the later part of their marriage, she talked about her children. She has four, and of all of them th e oldest is the most independent. This caused a lot of friction between them during his adolescents and young adulthood, but they have since grown closer. Her third daughter has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and she has spent a lot of time trying to help her open up.In my opinion, the only time that she has had any real intimacy with those close to her was during her early childhood and late adulthood. Most of her life between those times she seems to have been pretty isolated. General Generativity Question: I asked her to reflect on her life from ages thirty to sixty five. I asked her to describe he experiences of taking care of others around her. This was a pretty depressing part of the interview. She said that she often felt inadequate as a mother. She says that she should have gone another direction regarding the way that she brought them up, and that she often regretted having children.She is now pretty involved with her children, and she helps her youngest daught er financially. She gives advice when she is asked. She has definitely taught and helped her children, but I think that it is pretty clear that she lacks a feeling of generativity. Generativity vs. Stagnation: I asked if she feels that she has done enough to have a positive impact on those around her. She feels that from her experiences she has learned to do better and guide gently. She considers herself to be pretty understanding. I asked her in what ways she has tried to pass along her knowledge.She says that she has passed her knowledge along to her children, and she has done a lot of work with juvenile offenders in her community service. She says that she always tried to accept them for who they were, regardless of what they were dealing with. Regarding generativity, she has had a hard time with it, but she feels that she does a lot better now that she has her experiences to draw back to. General Question on Integrity: I asked her about her lifestyle compared to others, and she said that she lives a relatively laid back life. She is fairly chilled out and relaxed. She tries to do her part, but she does not feel pushed.I asked her about how she felt about her mortality. She said that she is not joyous about it, but she is accepting. She finds comfort in her faith. Integrity vs. Despair: I asked her about her current goals. She says that she strives to stay active, she wants to learn to play the piano, and she wants to lose twenty pounds. She feels comfortable about her life and the decisions she made. When I asked her about her opinion about the future of the united states, she said that she is very pessimistic about President Obama, the recession we are experiencing, and the national defeciet.

Direct and e marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct and e marketing - Essay Example "The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location" (1). Furthermore, some kind of businesses cannot manage without the Internet technologies and e-commerce. This paper will argue that it is impossible to imagine modern marketing technologies such as direct and e-marketing without effective data protection and privacy laws. 2. Data protection and privacy laws play a very important role for business development today and determine the future development of direct and e-marketing. "Direct marketing is intrusive, both in relation to the privacy of personal behaviour, and into the privacy of personal data. The degree of sensitivity varies greatly, depending on the person, the data and the context" (2). Data protection and privacy laws vary in different countries, but there are some significant similarities concerning the issue. In the United States some data protection acts have been adopted. "Actions such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT) and The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) have combined to create a relatively thorough protection of both financial data and personal information" (3). Financial data and personal information protection are of great importance especially while using such marketing methods as direct marketing and e-marketing. Nonpublic personal information term is precisely determined and concerns many aspects of financial data, customer and seller information. "Nonpublic personal information collected includes, but is not limited to, data from the consumer, the consumer's transactions with a financial institution or its affiliate, from nonaffiliated third parties about the consumer's transactions with them and from credit reporting agencies" (3). This information is protected with the data protection acts indicated above. European Union has also recently adopted data protection principles. The 8th Data Protection principle provides that "Personal data must not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory has an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects" (4). The UK also adopt data protection acts, but "Many are also commenting that the UK has inadequately implemented the Electronic Privacy Directive (2002/58 /EC), resulting in too lenient a treatment of persons who send unsolicited commercial email ('spam') in the UK" (4). So, the UK data protection policy needs to be improved, as well as in France: "The French Data Protection Authority, Commission Nationale de L'Infortmatique et des Liberts ("CNIL"), has ruled that an email service provided by Rampell Software, a Florida-based company, is illegal, as it breaches French data protection law" (4). But later, in May 2003, the UK legislation changed:" The most controversial aspect of the legal changes is the new regulatory regime for email marketing.

Law of digital evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law of digital evidence - Essay Example In case they do so, they must always prove a probable cause for such actions. Law enforcers should always seize evidence in plain view a feature that remains impossible in computer searches given the soft copy nature of such files. The plain view exception thus exempts computer searches from such conditions. However, law enforcers should always carry out an exhaustive search of the computer thus ensuring that they search every file in the computer and avail their contents whenever required. I refute the idea of a observing a search protocol which requires the approval of a court of law before carrying out a search. Criminals can easily delete and manipulate any incriminating evidence in their computers thus making it difficult for the law enforcers to prove their guilt. As such, the law should permit law enforcers to confiscate computers at the time of arrest as they await search warrants. This way, they safeguard the evidence in the computers by making it difficult for the suspect to tamper with the contents of the

The ANWR Oil Drilling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The ANWR Oil Drilling - Essay Example Nevertheless, since this portion, called ‘1002 Area’ after the ANILCA section, has been considered as a probable source of oil and gas because of its proximity to the Mackenzie Delta, an area which has been found to have such resources by Canadians. In 1995, the two legislative bodies of the US government passed into law the Budget Act, which also includes an approval of the development of the ANWR 1002 Area. However, President Bill Clinton, under pressure from environmentalist groups, decided to veto it. Since then, the issue of further exploration and the possibility of extraction of oil and gas in the ANWR have become the subject of intense debates among environmentalist groups and proponents of petroleum and gas exploration. With the constant fluctuations and increases in the prices of crude oil in the world market, the increasing domestic demand for it, and the recurring peace and order problems in the Middle East, the debate on the issue has intensified even furthe r. The ANWR oil drilling issue has even reached the point that it has become an agenda for national elections. Both the Republicans and the Democrats have used their respective stand on this subject as part of their strategies in gathering political support for every electoral contest they participate. The Democrats have held the stand of opposing oil drilling in the area since President Clinton. (Douglas) On the other hand, the Republicans have been pushing for the opening of the 1002 Area for exploration and eventual extraction. However, the political noise generated by the debate on this issue between the Republicans and the Democrats have only blurred further the merits and demerits of oil drilling in the ANWR.